Lock.



E. H. DOHSE.

LOCK.

- APPLICATION FILED JULY 24, 1913.

1,083,438, Patented Jani6, 1914.

INVENTEI R m quw ATTD R'NEY51 ERNEST H. DOHSE, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

LOCK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 6, 1914.

Application filed July 24, 1913. Serial No. 780,970.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ERNEST H. DoHsn, a citizen of the United States,residing at Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Locks, of which the following isa specification.

The object of this invention is to produce .an improved lock which maybe used for various purposesand which is so constructed that the samecan only be operated by a key unlike those now in common use so as toprevent tampering with the look by persons unprovided with the properkey.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a fragmentary horizontalsection of a car showing my improved lock employed for looking its door.Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section, on an enlarged scale, taken inline 22, Fig. 1 and looking in the direction of the, arrow associatedwith this line. Fig. 3 is a similar section taken in line 33, Fig. 1 andlooking in the direction of the arrow associated with said line. Fig. tis a perspective view of several parts of the lock separated from oneanother. Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section taken in line 55, Fig.3. Fig. 6 is a detached perspective view of the key whereby the lock isoperated. Fig. 7 is a fragmentary vertical section of the lock taken onone side of the worm and locking device. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of apad lock constructed in accordance with my invention.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughoutthe several views.

Although my improved lock may be designed for various uses theconstruction shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 is more particularly adapted foruse in looking the doors of freight or box cars which comprise a sidewall 1 having a door opening or passageway 2, two upright posts 3, 1arranged on opposite sides of the doorway and a horizontally slidingdoor 5 which is adapted to be either moved across the doorway forclosing the same or to be moved to one side of the doorway foruncovering the same.

6 represents a horizontal locking bar mounted transversely on the outertransverse side of the door post 3 and provided at its outer end with alocking hook 7 which is adapted to engage with a locking pin 8 mountedon the adjacent inner part of the door. At its inner end this lockingbar is mounted so as to be capable of sliding transversely and alsorocking vertically by means of a guide pin 9 secured to the door post 3and passing through a longitudinal slot 10 in the inner end of thelocking bar and ad jacent to its outer end this locking bar is guided bymeans of a vertical loop or strap 11 which embraces this partof thelocking bar and is secured to the adjacent part of the door post 3.

12 represents a rotatable crank shaft journaled horizontally in the post3 and, lengthwise of the door and provided at its inner end on one sideof its axis with a crank pin or wrist pin 13 which engages with avertical slot 1 1 in the central part of the locking bar. Upon turningthe crank shaft in one direction the locking bar is first movedoutwardly and then lifted at its outer end so as to disengage its hookfrom the pin on the door, thereby releasing the door and permitting thesame to slide open. Upon turning the crank shaft in the oppositedirection the locking bar is shifted so that its outer end is loweredand the hook is engaged with the locking pin and then the looking bar ismoved horizontally inward so as to bring the hook tightly intoengagement with the locking pin and hold the door firmly in its closedposition.

The inner end of the crank shaft extends into the inclosing casing 15 ofthe lock proper which is secured to the inner upright transverse side ofthe post 3. VVithin the lower part of this casing is arranged a wormwheel 16 which is mounted on the inner end of the crank shaft 12 so asto turn therewith. In the upper part of the casing and transverselyrelatively to the car is arranged a rotatable operating member 17 havingpreferably the form of a wormthe thread of which engages with the teethon the upper part of the worm wheel. This worm may be j ournaled in thecasing in any suitable manner but preferably by providing the front endof the same with the forwardly projecting circular shank 18 which turnsin a bearing 19 in the front wall of the casing, and at its rear end theworm is rotatably supported by means of a bushing 20 having an externalscrew thread at its inner end which engages with an internally screwthreaded socket 21 in the rear end of the worm while the outer end ofthe bushing is provided with a reduced circular portion or trunnion 22which is journaled in a bearing 23 in the rear wall of the casing.Rotation of this bushing and the worm relatively to each other isnormally prevented by means of a lock or jamb nut 24 mounted on thethreaded portion of the bushing and engaging with the rear end of theworm.

Normally the worm is prevented fro-m being turned forwardly or clockwiseexcept by a person provided with a suitable key for this purpose, andwhen the parts are in this condition the hook of the locking bar whilein engagement with the locking pin of the door is prevented from beingdisengaged from this pin and the door is held shut inasmuch as the wormwheel and crank shaft are held against turning by the worm. Thepreferred means for thus holding the worm normally against forwardturning movement is constructed as follows: 25 represents an annular rowor rim of ratchet or abutment teeth formed on or secured to the innerside of the casing around the bushing, each of these teeth having anabrupt rear side and an inclined front side. Extending from the innerend of the bushing toward the outer end thereof and diametrically acrossthe same is a longitudinal slot 26 the outer end of which is locatedbetween the reduced portion of the bushing and the jamb or lock nutmounted thereon. 27 represents a longitudinally movable shifting rodwhich is arranged axially in the bushing and in the worm and iscompelled to turn with the worm, preferably, by constructing its rearend of flat sided form, as shown at28 and engaging the same with theopposite fiat sides of the slot in the bushing. At its rear end theshifting rod is provided with a dog or pawl 29 which has its endsprojecting laterally from opposite sides of the shifting rod beyond theperiphery of the bushing and engaging with the abutment or ratchet teethon the adjacent part of the casing. This dog is so con structed thateach of its ends has an abrupt front side and an inclined rear side soto permit this dog when in engagement with the ratchet teeth to beturned backwardly but prevent the same from moving forwardly. The dog isyieldingly held in engagement with the ratchet teeth, preferably bymeans of a spring 30 surrounding that portion of the shifting rod whichpasses through the socket 21 and bears at one end against the bottom ofthis socket while its opposite end bears against a shoulder 31 formed onthe shifting rod within the socket by means of a pin passing through theshifting rod, as shown in Fig. 3. It follows from this construction thatso long as the dog is in engagement with the teeth of the ratchet rimthe worm is locked against forward or clockwise rotation and this inturn prevents the disengagement of the looking hook 7 from the lockingpin 8 which is associated with the worm, thereby preventing the door ofthe car from being opened. \Vhen however, the shifting rod is movedlengthwise so as to disengage the locking dog from the locking teeth itis then possible to turn the worm forwardly or in a clockwise directionand thereby turn the worm wheel and crank shaft in a direction whichwill lift the look ing hook 7 out of engagement from the locking pin 8so that the car door can be opened.

Various means may be provided which will permit only a person providedwith such means to withdraw the locking dog from the locking teeth andturn the worm. The means however, which are shown in the drawings forthis purpose are suitable and constructed as follows: The shank 18 atthe outer or front end of the worm projects forwardly beyond the frontside of the casing and is exposed on the outer wall of the car so thatit is accessible from the outer side thereof. On the exterior of thisforwardly projecting front end of the worm the same is provided with oneor more laterally projecting coupling pins 32, two of such pins beingpreferably employed and arranged on diametrically opposite sides of theworm as shown in F ig. 3. The front end of this worm is constructed toform a tubular socket 33 which extends inwardly from the front endthereof. lVithin this socket is arranged the front outer end of theshifting rod which latter is provided adjacent to its front end withinsaid socket with a laterally projecting coupling pin 34. Turning of theworm and releasing of the dog from the ratchet teeth is effected bymeans of a key in possession of an authorized person which keypreferably comprises a handle 35 which is provided with inner and outertubular sections 36, 37 which are arranged concentrically, the outersection being adapted to slip over the outer end of the worm and theinner section being adapted to slip over the outer end of the shiftingrod. When two locking pins 32 are employed on the worm the outer tubularsection of the key is provided with two bayonet or L-shaped slots eachof which co111- prises a longitudinal portion 38 extending inwardly fromthe front edge of the outer section and a transverse portion 39extending laterally. The inner tubular section of the key is providedwith a slot 40 which extends inwardly from the front end thereof and hasa cam-shaped or spiral portion 411, as shown in Fig. 6. In using thiskey for operating the look so as to unlock the door the inner and outertubular sections of the key are so alined with the outer ends of theshifting rod and the worm that the mouth of the slot in the inner keysection is in line with the coupling pin of the shifting rod and themouths of the slots in the outer key section are in line with thecoupling pins of the worm and while in this position the-key may beslipped with its inner and outer sections over the front ends of theshifting rod and worm. During this longitudinal movement thelongitudinal portions of the bayonet slots in the outer key sectionreceive the coupling pins 32 of the worm and the further movement of thekey in this direction is arrested by engagement of the inner ends ofthese longitudinal portions of the bayonet slots with said pins. At thesame time the slot in the inner key section receives the coupling pin ofthe shifting rod and this pin is within range of the cam-shaped portionof this slot. Upon now turning the key forwardly or in a clockwisedirection the transverse portions of the bayonet slots in the outer keysection receive the coupling pins of the worm but the key turnsindependently or the worm in this direction until the inner ends of thetransverse portions of the bayonet slots engage with the coupling pinsof the worm. lVhile the key is being turned so as to engage thetransverse slot portions in the outer key section with the pins of the'worm the camshaped portion of the slot in the inner key section engageswith the pin of the shifting rod and causes the latter to be movedlengthwise outwardly against the resilience of the spring 30sufficiently to disengage the locking dog from the ratchet teeth. Thisdisengagement of the dog from the ratchet teeth occurs by the time theinner ends of the transverse slot portions 39 engage with the couplingpins of the worm so that the continued rotation of the key ina forwardor clockwise direction will cause the worm to turn, which movement is inturn transmitted to the worm wheel, crank shaft and locking bar so as tolift the hook of the latter out of engagement from the locking pin ofthe door.

For turning the worm in the reverse or backward direction so as to againengage the locking hook with the locking pin of the door, the key isapplied to the worm and shifting rod in the same manner as beforedescribed but is turned backwardly. During this backward movement,however, the coupling pins of the worm engage with the inner ends of thelongitudinal slot portions 38 in the key section so that the worm isturned backwardlv without being interlocked with the key by a bayonetjoint,and the cam portion of the slot in the inner key section releasesthe shifting rod and permits the locking dog thereof to engage by thespring 30 with the ratchet teeth of the casing. lVhile the locking dogand ratchet teeth are in engagement at this time the worm is not heldagainst backward rotation inasmuch as the locking dog merely tripsbackwardly over the ratchet teeth by engagement of the inclined rearsides of the dog with the inclined front sides of the ratchet teeth. Thebackward rotation of the worm and the parts associated therewith may belimited by various means, for instance, by engagement of the outer endof the slot 10 in the locking bar with the guide pin 9.

It will now be apparent that this look can only be operated by a keyhaving slots in its inner and outer sections which stand in the samerelation as the coupling pins of the shifting rod and worm. It istherefore possible by changing the location circumferentially of the pinon the shifting rod relatively to the pin or pins on the worm to producea different combination which will require the use of a differentkey inwhich the slots in the inner and outer sections are similarly related.thereby enabling a variety of combinations to be produced but permiteach lock to be only operated by its particular key.

In order to enable the combination of the lock to be changed, if thisshould be found necessary in the event of an unauthorized personobtaining possession of a key for that particular lock, this can bereadily done by loosening the lock nut 24: and then turning the bushingin the worm together with the shifting rod so as to bring the couplingpin of the latter into a different position circumferentially relativelyto the pins on the worm and then again tightening the lock nut so as tohold the shifting rod in this position. Another key may now besubstituted having the slots in its inner and outer sections constructedto conform to the new relative location of the coupling pins of theshifting rod and worm. In order to permit of turning the bushingconveniently relatively to the worm for changing the combination of thelock this bushing is provided with fiat sided faces 42 on its peripheryin rear of'the lock nut, whereby a wrench may be conveniently applied tothe bushing for turning the same.

For convenience in setting the bushing and shiftingrod circumferentiallyrelatively to the worm for bringing the coupling pins of this rod andworm in a predetermined relation an indicating device is provided whichpreferably consists of a pointer 43 arranged on the rear part of thebushing and traversing a circular scale 44 which is arranged on the rearend of the worm and which may consist of a plurality of numbers, asshown in Fig. 5, or other suitable indicating marks.

If desired this invention may be embodied in other forms of locks, forinstance, as shown in Fig. 8, the same is embodied in a padlock. Asshown in this figure, 45 represents the body of the casing containingthe operating mechanism corresponding to that shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5 and7 and provided with a gap 46 which is arranged at one end of this casingand in which the parts to be locked are either confined or released bymoving a locking bolt 47 forwardly across the mouth of this gap orwithdrawing the same. At its rear end this locking bolt is provided witha transverse slot 48 which receives a crank pin or wrist pin L9 arrangedon a worm wheel 50 which is carried by a shaft 51 corresponding to theshaft 12 in the construction shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. At the upper endof the casing is arranged a rotatable worm 52 which is operativelyassociated with the worm wheel 50 in the same manner as that describedwith reference to the construction shown in Fig. 3 and the same is alsoadapted to be either locked against turning or released by a key andcooperating internal mechanism like that shown in Figs. 3-7.

This lock is strikingly different from those now in common use and owingto the peculiar formation of the key and the parts associated therewithtampering with the same is rendered much more difficult, therebymaterially increasing the safety of the same. This lock hascomparatively few parts all of which can be produced at low cost, thesame is not liable to get out of order and owing to the convenience withwhich the combination of the same can be changed the same isparticularly desirable for use on freight cars which are constantlysubjected to pilfering by tampering with the locks thereof.

I claim as my invention:

1. A lock comprising a rotatable member, an abutment provided with acircular row of fixed ratchet teeth, a longitudinally movable shiftingrod turning with said member and provided with a dog engaging with saidratchet teeth, and a key adapted to be en gagcd with said member andsaid shifting rod and constructed to release said dog from said teethand permit of turning said mem her.

2. A look comprising a rotatable member, an abutment provided withacircular row of fixed ratchet teeth, a longitudinally movable shiftingrod turning with said member and provided with a dog engaging with saidratchet teeth, a spring for yieldingly holding said dog in engagementwith said teeth and a key adapted to be engaged with said member andsaid shifting rod and constructed to release said dog from said teethand permit of turning said member.

3. A look comprising a rotatable member,

a bushing connected with said worm, a stationary row of teeth arrangedaround said bushing, a longitudinally movable shifting rod turning withsaid bushing and member and having a dog engaging with said teeth, andmeans for shifting said rod so as to disengage said dog from said teethand turning said member.

4:. A look comprising a rotatable member, a bushing capable of rotaryadjustment relative to said member, means for indicating the relativeposition of said bushing and member, a stationary row of teeth ar "angedaround said bushing, a longitudinally movable shifting rod turning withsaid bushing and member and having a dog engaging with said teeth, andmeans for shifting said rod so as to disengage said dog from said teethand turning said member.

5. A look comprising a casing having a front and a rear bearing, arotatable worm journaled in said front bearing, a bushing having a screwconnection with the rear end of said worm and provided with alongitudinal slot, and a trunnion which is journaled in said rearbearing, an annular row of fixed abutment teeth arranged on the innerside of said casing around said bushing, a shifting rod provided with adog arranged in the slot of said bushing and engaging with said teeth, aspring operating to move said rod in the direction for holding said dogin engagement with said teeth, and means for moving said rod so as todisengage said dog from said teeth and turning said worm.

6. A lock comprising a rotary operating member, means for holding saidmember against rotation comprising a shifting rod movable lengthwise insaid operating member, and means for shifting said rod and turning saidmember comprising a key having inner and outer tubular sections whichare adapted to slip respectively over the front ends of said rod andmember, said rod and member having laterally projecting pins, said outertubular section having a bayonet slot adapted to receive the pin on theoperating member and said inner tubular section having a cam-shaped slotadapted to receive the pin of said shifting rod.

Witness my hand this 22nd day of July, 1913.

ERNEST H. DOHSE.

Witnesses Trmo. L. Porr, ANNA Hmeis.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, I). G.

